Publications | Muhammad Ikram

A promise or paradox? Assessing corporate social responsibility and green marketing's impact on electronic word of mouth in emerging markets

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

As environmental awareness increasingly shapes consumer behavior, green marketing has emerged as a strategic tool for strengthening electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) and brand loyalty. Yet, this approach carries a paradox: While it can build trust, it also risks skepticism if perceived as greenwashing. This study examines the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a mediator and consumer factors environmental values and attitudes toward green products as moderators in the relationship between green marketing, loyalty, and eWOM. Using survey data from 278 North African consumers, structural equation modeling (SEM) reveals that green marketing initiatives significantly enhance brand loyalty and eWOM, with CSR playing a pivotal mediating role. Consumer environmental values strengthen the impact of green marketing on brand loyalty, though they do not affect eWOM, while attitudes toward green products show no significant moderating effect. These findings highlight the need for authentic CSR integration to ensure green marketing fulfills its promise rather than reinforcing skepticism. By offering empirical insights from North Africa, an underexplored emerging market, this research advances understanding of the dynamics between green marketing, CSR, and sustainable consumer behavior.

Artificial intelligence-driven strategies for enhancing operational performance and managing uncertainties in the supply chain management

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Assessing Barriers to the Adoption of Green Technologies in Developing Countries by Using an Integrated Decision-Making System

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set a global agenda to advance sustainability by exerting environmental pressures and promoting cleaner production. Achieving these targets depends heavily on the adoption of green technologies, yet several persistent barriers continue to impede the effective implementation of green technologies. Therefore, this study develops an integrated decision support system to assess Green Technology Adoption (GTA) barriers and explore potential strategies to overcome them effectively. After reviewing the literature and consulting with field experts, seven major categories of barriers: institutional, financial, market, technological, regulatory, environmental, and social barriers, and 26 sub‐barriers were identified and analyzed. A Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) was applied to rank the main and sub barriers and then used the Fuzzy VIekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje (FVIKOR) method to prioritize the 11 potential solution strategies. The results reveal that financial barriers (FB), technological barriers (TB), and regulatory barriers (RB) are the most pressing, whereas natural resource dependency (EB1), limited institutional capacity (IB3), and climate challenges (EB2) were ranked the most influencing sub‐barriers. Moreover, resilience programs for green tech jobs (SO7) and investment in digital technologies (SO6) ranked the top potential strategic solutions to mitigate the GTA barriers. This study provides actionable guidance for developing economies pursuing green transitions under economic and governance constraints, offering policymakers and practitioners a clear, systematic roadmap for designing resilient sustainability strategies.

Converting green into good: Pathways from green building practices to social well-being

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Green building is crucial to social well-being amid rising urbanization and environmental degradation. To explore the complex relationships between green building practices such as energy efficiency, water efficiency, waste management, environmental quality, sustainable materials, transformative management capacity (TMC), and social well-being (SWb), a conceptual model is designed based on environmental psychology theory. To achieve research goals, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is employed on a dataset of 585 observations from residential buildings. Results reveal that TMC exerts a substantial direct effect on SWb, affirming its critical role in enhancing well-being outcomes. Mediation analysis further reveals that TMC partially mediates the relationships between green practices, such as water efficiency, waste management, and environmental quality, and SWb. The current investigation directly contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) SDG 3, Good Health and Well-Being, and SDG 11, Sustainable Cities and Communities, by examining the relationship between sustainable building practices and human well-being. Finally, this study offers policy guidelines and practical implications for decision-makers and managers that sustainable features alone are insufficient unless supported by managerial systems that can lead, adapt, and coordinate sustainability practices.

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Performance and Financial Outcomes in the Middle East and Africa (MEA) Region: A Novel Decision Support Framework

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The global landscape of sustainability challenges has become increasingly complex, characterized by varying regulatory frameworks and market maturity across different nations. The financial significance of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors is influenced by industry and firm-specific attributes. Therefore, this study employs an integrated decision support framework that combines grey relational analysis (GRA) models including Deng’s GRA, absolute GRA, and a second synthetic grey relational analysis (SSGRA) with firm-level panel regressions to compare ESG and financial performance linkages across 11 Middle East and Africa (MEA) countries and industrial sectors. Furthermore, the study utilized a sensitivity analysis to check the robustness of SSGRG. Results indicate considerable variability in the relationships between ESG and financial performance across the region. The economies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) showed the most robust positive relationship between ESG factors and financial performance based on SSGRG, with Kuwait (0.82), Qatar (0.81), and Saudi Arabia (0.80) predominantly influenced by the social and governance dimensions. Conversely, a weak correlation was demonstrated in Egypt (0.54), Nigeria (0.53), and Kenya (0.56). Moreover, financials, communication services, and materials sectors exhibit the greatest integration of ESG factors into financial performance, with composite SSGRG values ranging from 0.75 to 0.78. In contrast, the information technology and energy sectors demonstrate weak association, with composite SSGRG values falling below 0.60. Furthermore, a conservative maximin analysis reveals that corporate governance in Kenya and environmental performance in Oman are identified as the weakest relationship at the country level, while governance in the information technology and energy sectors, environmental management in real estate, and social performance in consumer discretionary sectors are highlighted as weak connections. This study addresses a gap in the literature by developing a novel decision-support framework, providing fresh empirical evidence from emerging markets, and offering theoretical insights into the into influence of stakeholder and institutional factors on ESG value creation. This study provides implications for investors, corporate managers, and policymakers on sustainable finance in emerging markets and presents a decision-making framework that emphasizes ESG initiatives to enhance financial performance.

Integrated Industry 4.0, Circular Economy, and Low-Carbon Management Framework: Implications for Sustainability Performance in the Manufacturing Sector

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study examines the integrated impact of low‐carbon management practices (LCMPs), Industry 4.0 (I4.0), and circular economy practices (CEPs) on the triple bottom line of manufacturing firms. A conceptual framework incorporating both direct and indirect relationships is developed and theoretically grounded in the resource‐based view (RBV) and dynamic capabilities theory (DCT). Data were collected using a structured online survey administered to senior managers in production, procurement, operations, logistics, and supply chain functions, resulting in 286 valid responses. The hypothesized relationships were empirically tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS‐SEM). The results indicate that I4.0 technologies have a strong and significant positive effect on LCMPs, which subsequently enhance economic and social performance. CEPs are found to directly and positively influence environmental, economic, and social performance. However, the direct relationship between I4.0 and CEPs is not statistically significant, and CEPs do not mediate the relationship between I4.0 and sustainability outcomes. Further the findings highlight LCMPs as a critical mechanism through which digital transformation translates into sustainability performance, while revealing limited integration between I4.0 and circular economy initiatives. This study contributes theoretically to sustainability literature and provides practical guidance for managers seeking to align digital transformation with low‐carbon and circular strategies.

ISO 14001, Carbon Neutrality, and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Bibliometric and Systematic Review of Environmental Management Systems

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to systematically review the ISO 14001 research landscape, examining how environmental management system (EMS) activities and sub‐activities align with carbon neutrality objectives and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A two‐pronged methodology was employed, combining bibliometric analysis with a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guided systematic literature review. A comprehensive search of the Scopus database identified publications from 2015 to 2025. Bibliometric analysis was conducted to map the intellectual structure of the field, while a qualitative synthesis of 62 relevant articles was performed to extract key themes and practices. The bibliometric results reveal the leading journals, prominent thematic clusters, geographic distribution, and major research topics in ISO 14001 scholarship over the past decade. The systematic review distills the principal ISO 14001‐based EMS activities adopted by organizations and demonstrates their alignment with specific SDGs. To elevate these findings analytically, this study introduces the adaptive decarbonization translation framework (ADTF). This novel model conceptualizes ISO 14001 as a dynamic bridging structure that translates macro‐level socio‐institutional drivers into micro‐level operational decarbonization through an iterative Plan‐Do‐Check‐Act (PDCA) cycle. Several research gaps are identified, and a future research agenda is proposed. This study offers actionable insights for corporate decision‐makers and policymakers to enhance the implementation of ISO 14001‐based EMSs for decarbonization. The study also provides a robust analytical foundation for future research, demonstrating how standardized environmental management practices can be leveraged in pursuing climate change mitigation and sustainability goals.

Redesigning the Value Chain: A Net-Zero Circular Economy Approach to Resource Retention

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The twin transition to a circular economy (CE) and net zero carbon is necessary yet complex, requiring a holistic set of practices that simultaneously retain resource value and eliminate carbon emissions. However, the literature lacks a unified framework that integrates CE practices aimed at developing resource value retention options (ROs) with net‐zero carbon strategies along the value chain. The aim of this study is to propose a theoretical model, the net zero circular value chain model (NZCVCM), which explains how circular value chain practices (CVCPs), enriched with net‐zero principles, help redevelop ROs. The proposed model builds on the 10R classification of ROs (R0–R9) and extends a prior circular value chain framework by embedding renewable energy use, life‐cycle emissions tracking, carbon‐neutral design, carbon capture and offset, and other climate‐focused practices into each stage. This research follows a systematic literature analysis approach to integrate 40 circular value chains and net zero practices identified across eight value chains, six support categories and three net zero categories. The extended model can be used to understand how CE and decarbonization can be codeveloped in the value chain, expanding current theoretical knowledge and helping stakeholders adopt integrated circular carbon strategies, plans, and actions. This study advances a dual objective framework that couples RO development with scope 3 emissions mitigation through energy and materials decarbonization, integrated carbon analytics, thereby extending circular‐economy theory toward an integrated circular carbon paradigm. Key findings highlight that (i) every resource retention loop (R0–R9) offers opportunities to reduce or eliminate greenhouse gas emissions; (ii) primary circular practices must be powered by renewable energy and guided by carbon metrics to maximize climate benefits; and (iii) support practices for strategic, organizational, and technological enablers to implement zero‐carbon circularity in integration with primary practices. This study provides practical guidance for businesses aiming to simultaneously achieve CE and net‐zero goals. Policymakers and industry stakeholders can leverage these insights to align sustainability initiatives, drive strategic collaborations, and effectively accelerate the transition to a net‐zero CE.

A novel sequential block path planning method for 3D unmanned aerial vehicle routing in sustainable supply chains

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Managing sustainable supply chain operations in dynamic three-dimensional (3D) environments is a significant challenge. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) offer transformative solutions to supply chains. This study aims to enhance sustainable supply chain management by considering new opportunities for optimizing UAV networks. The primary objective is to develop advanced path planning and routing algorithms that improve the quality of service in a supply chain. We present a novel Sequential Block Path Planning (SBPP) method, a modified version of the heuristic D* Lite algorithm, to achieve the shortest logistics path with reduced computation time. We utilize queuing theory for task scheduling and UAV assignments within a supply chain network while ensuring efficient and effective task distribution. The results demonstrate that the proposed combination of routing and path planning algorithms significantly improves performance in 3D environments, resulting in shorter logistics paths, enhanced quality of service, and reduced computation time. The outcomes of this study represent a substantial contribution to UAV network management, particularly in terms of efficiency and operational effectiveness. The novel approach utilized in this study contributes to the emerging UAV field in supply chains and enhances sustainability and operational efficiency in logistics networks.

Assessing Food Security and Environmental Sustainability in North Africa: A Composite Indicator Approach Using Data Envelopment Analysis

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

North Africa faces significant challenges of food insecurity and environmental degradation, driven by rapid population growth, ongoing droughts, severe water stress, and increasing rates of undernourishment. Achieving food security and environmental sustainability requires a balanced evaluation of agricultural productivity, resource efficiency, ecosystem health, and climate resilience. Therefore, this study develops a composite food security and environmental sustainability index (FSESI) that encompasses complex relationships via multidimensional indicators. Data analysis was conducted for Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Sudan, and Mauritania, covering the period from 2010 to 2022. A comprehensive methodology employing data envelopment analysis (DEA) for objective weighting and geometric mean aggregation was implemented. The findings indicate notable disparities; Sudan presented the highest undernourishment rate (21.8% in 2010, 11.4% in 2022), whereas Libya faced severe water stress (783.12% to 817.14%). Morocco recorded the highest FSESI score of 0.78, reflecting strong performance in both the food security and environmental dimensions, whereas Algeria and Libya each had scores of 0.48, indicating relatively modest outcomes. Finally, sensitivity analysis was employed to check the robustness of the results. This research highlights the need for immediate policy actions focused on equitable resource management, enhanced agricultural methods, and reinforced food security initiatives. This study directly supports Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2, Zero Hunger; SDG 6, Clean Water and Sanitation; SDG 13, Climate Action; and SDG 15, Life on Land, by addressing integrated challenges in food security and environmental sustainability in North Africa. The originality of this work lies in its thorough integration of environmental and food security dimensions through innovative aggregation methods, offering a replicable framework that policymakers and researchers can use to address complex environmental and food security issues in North Africa sustainably.

Energy Security and Environmental Efficiency in OECD Countries: Pathways to Sustainable Growth

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Mediating role of eWOM’s in green behavior interaction and corporate social responsibility: A stakeholder theory perspective

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose This research aims to explore how policymakers manage the information and communication of green behavior on social platforms to support their growth in corporate social responsibility (CSR). Social platforms play a strategic and interactive role through electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), which brings unprecedented green purchase opportunities. Design/methodology/approach Based on stakeholder theory, a conceptual framework is designed to investigate the influence of green behavior interactions (GBIs) on CSR under the mediating effects of eWOM subfactors (eWC = eWOM communication, eWIA = eWOM information adoption and eWSC = eWOM source credibility). Data from 414 regular stakeholders of logistics firms were analyzed via structural equation modeling. Findings The results reveal positive influences of the GBI on eWC, eWIA, eWSC and CSR, with path coefficients of 0.329, 0.713, 0.809 and 0.316, respectively. The mediating effects of eWC and eWSC from the GBI to CSR were discovered with path coefficients of 0.105 and 0.226, respectively. Coincidentally, the mediating role of eWIA was positive but not supported. The outcomes of this study indicate that the administration of GBI and eWOM from a green purchase perspective is essential for a firm. The CSR practices of green logistics firms can be successfully supported by the administration of the GBI and eWOM indicators. Originality/value This study develops a novel multidimensional framework that illustrates the impact of eWOM on reducing information asymmetry, enhancing credibility, supporting informed decision-making and improving green consumer behavior. By amplifying positive reviews, increasing engagement and establishing a feedback loop, this framework aims to provide comprehensive insights into the efficacy of eWOM for firms’ products and services.

The role of quality governance in achieving sustainable development goals in North Africa: An integrated decision-support system

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

North Africa is one of the most vulnerable regions to the impacts of climate change. Achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in North Africa requires effective governance, yet the governance factors influencing SDG progress remain underexplored. Therefore, this study examines the nexus between the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGIs) of voice and accountability, political stability and violence, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in North Africa. Previous research has insufficiently explored the relationship between global governance progress and the 2030 agenda. To bridge this gap, we applied an integrated Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) model to compute the ranks and weights the performance of North African countries in achieving the 17 SDGs from 2016–2022. The results show that Quality Education (SDG 4), Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure (SDG 9), Reduce Inequalities (SDG10), Sustainable Cities and Communities (SDG11), Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG12) and Peace Justice and Strong Institutions (SDG16) exhibited the highest performance in the region based on Second Synthetic Grey Relational Analysis Model (SSGRA). Additionally, a conservative maximin model was used to identify which North African country has the greatest impact of WGI on SDG outcomes. The findings indicate that Morocco faced the most significant challenges, particularly in achieving SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation). These results highlight critical implications for North African governments, emphasizing the need to prioritize (clean water and sanitation) SDG 6 and implement effective national strategies. This study recommends policymakers focus on governance reforms in lagging sectors and leverage data-driven frameworks to monitor and guide sustainable development interventions.

Toward Green Growth in Morocco: An Integrated Strategic Decision-Making Framework for Sustainable Development

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Morocco’s shift toward sustainable development still lacks a coherent strategic framework and explicit direction. Therefore, this study aims to develop an integrated strategic framework for the implementation of effective green growth strategies for Morocco’s sustainable development. Thirty‐two indicators were identified and categorized into five groups: environmental, social, governance, financial variability, and technological innovation. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) was used to assess and rank the main indicators and their subindicators. Furthermore, within the study, we developed nine green growth strategic solutions for sustainable development. The fuzzy VlseKriterijuska Optimizacija I Komoromisno Resenje (FVIKOR) approach was employed to evaluate and rank the proposed strategic solutions. The FAHP results revealed that environmental, governance, and technological innovation factors are the most pivotal among the five primary categories. Among the subfactors, transparency and disclosure received the top ranking, followed by social community engagement and market volatility. FVIKOR indicated that the most effective strategies for promoting green growth in Morocco include improving transparency and disclosure methods, issuing green bonds, and increasing shareholder engagement. This research provides essential insights for developing effective strategies to foster green growth in Morocco, thereby aiding Morocco’s progress in sustainable performance. It also offers practical guidance for policymakers by identifying priority areas improving transparency, expanding green finance, and enhancing stakeholder engagement to accelerate Morocco’s green growth and sustainable development efforts.

Toward sustainable development: Unfolding the nexus among exports, foreign direct investment, capital formation, natural resource rent, unemployment, and low-carbon transition in Morocco

Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Developing resilience strategies amid supply chain risks in the automotive industry: A stakeholder theory perspective

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Managing automotive supply chain risks contributes to achieving sustainability goals, including ensuring business continuity, maintaining production and delivery schedules, and reducing environmental impact. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the risks confronting the supply chain in the automotive industry through the moderating effect of reactive and proactive resilience strategies. The stakeholder theory perspective was used in this study to examine supply chain risk in the automotive industry. A quantitative method was employed, resulting in 157 valid responses. The results reveal that demand risk had the most significant effect on auto dealer performance, followed by logistics/transportation, production, and supply risk. Notably, proactive resilience strategies were found to significantly impact the relationship between risk and performance. The findings underscore the importance of proactive measures in mitigating the performance impacts of supply chain risk. This study contributes a theoretical framework by identifying four major supply chain risks and seven proactive and 12 reactive strategies. In addition, the study was conducted through the lens of stakeholder theory, emphasizing the importance of suppliers, manufacturers, and dealers cooperating to establish a reliable supply chain.

Resilient and sustainable green technology strategies: A study of Morocco's path toward sustainable development

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This study proposes a strategic framework to develop resilient green technology strategies for sustainable development in Morocco. The fuzzy Delphi method was applied to finalize and categorize the indicators. Twenty-three indicators were identified and grouped into five categories. Furthermore, the fuzzy analytical hierarchical process was used to compute and rank the green technology indicators. The findings indicate that the environmental capital foundation and output efficiency rank the highest among the major categories, with the regulatory measure subindicator being the most important among the twenty-three subindicators. Finally, this study assessed resilient green technology strategies to promote economic and environmental sustainability in Morocco.

Role of unmanned air vehicles in sustainable supply chain: queuing theory and ant colony optimization approach

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Towards circular economy: A IoT enabled framework for circular supply chain integration

Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Development goals towards sustainability

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The SDGs have made a significant contribution to the sustainability movement, being used by many organisations from across sectors all over the world as their sustainability framework. However, have they impacted the previous trend of sustainability challenges just because of their existence? This article aims to contribute to answering this question by statistically comparing the trends in the sustainability performance of the SDGs before and after they were launched in 2015. Data were collected for every SDG and their trends were quantitatively assessed using non-parametric tests, finding that most of the SDGs have not significantly improved and that most of the sustainability indicators are still performing poorly in developing countries. While this research is exploratory and does not assess the direct impact of the SDGs on sustainability, it suggests that for the most part, the SDGs have not significantly changed sustainability trends since they were launched in 2015, which is a concerning finding. This article should serve as a wake-up call to design more suitable sustainability frameworks as the SDGs expire in 2030, and for those using them to be more critical of their reach rather than being satisfied with a framework that although helping will not achieve its main goal.

Mapping the circular economy in the small and medium-sized enterprises field: An exploratory network analysis

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The literature on the Circular Economy (CE) has shown considerable expansion over recent years, with various studies striving to guide corporate entities in transitioning from linear to circular production paradigms. While larger businesses and multinational corporations have been a central focus, a significant gap exists in understanding the transformation journey of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) towards circularity. This research aims to enhance the existing body of knowledge by mapping the knowledge at the intersection of SMEs and the CE. This study utilizes an exploratory approach and leverages network analysis and content analysis to scrutinize 126 academic papers indexed on Scopus. The findings indicate that the field is bifurcated into nascent and early-growth stages. Although CE appears as the prevalent theme in most of the papers surveyed, an emerging group of academics has begun to delve into the domain of SMEs and CE. Further to identifying thematic clusters, this research explores the main references from these two phases by exploring their contents. The study provides a series of recommendations for future research alongside methodological guidelines for theoretical and empirical investigations.

The consequences of COVID-19 disruption on sustainable economy in the top 30 high-tech innovative countries

Sun, 01 Jan 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the innovation index, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), high technology exports, and human development (HDI) in the world’s leading 30 high-tech innovative countries. Using grey relational analysis models, the association between COVID-19 and other economic development indices was investigated. The model selects the country least affected by the pandemic from the top 30 innovative countries through a conservative (maximin) method based on grey association values. Data was collected from World Bank databases and analyzed to compare pre- and post-COVID-19 periods (2019, 2020). The outcomes of this study provide essential recommendations for industries and decision-makers with suitable action plans to preserve economic systems from further harm caused by the global COVID-19 outbreak. The ultimate goal is to boost the innovation index, GDP, high-tech exports, and HDI of high-tech economies and pave the way for a sustainable economy. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to develop a multidimensional framework to assess COVID-19’s impact on the sustainable economy of top 30 high-tech innovative countries, and to conduct a comparative analysis to identify the strong and weak effects of COVID-19 on sustainable economic growth.

Analysis of consumers’ electric vehicle purchase intentions: An expansion of the theory of planned behavior

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000

For the purpose of paving the way for reducing environmental pollution globally, adapting green energy to people’s lives in more areas is seen as a good solution. The strategic plan implemented to prevent possible energy and water shortages in the future includes cleaning the environment and air from carbon emissions as soon as possible. Countries are taking mandatory sectoral and individual measures to remove the use of CO2-based fuels. As a part of the sustainable development process for Turkey, which is trying to convince its individuals to use more green energy, it is important for society to adopt more electric vehicles. However, there are few internationally accepted studies on the adoption of EVs in Turkey, and a limited number of studies include individuals’ environmental concerns (EC) and green trust (GT) structures. In this research, which we started on the basis of filling this literature gap by taking behavioral factors into account, we expand the TPB framework (subjective norm (SN), attitude (AT), and perceived behavioral control (PBC)) with the “EC” and “GT” constructs. So, with this research, we examine the behavioral factors that affect the intention to purchase electric vehicles (EVPI) of consumers residing in Turkey, based on the theory of planned behavior. Thus, we aim to reveal the barriers to the adoption of EVs in Turkey with an empirical application and SEM analysis. The first phase includes a review of the literature, adaptation of the survey, and development of the hypotheses. The second phase involves conducting a survey with 626 consumers whose information was obtained from four dealers in Turkey. We used Cronbach’s alpha and CFA analyses on the data obtained from the survey. In the final phase, we performed an SEM analysis for our extended theory of planned behavior (ETPB) and hypotheses. The CFA results revealed that the survey showed compatibility with EV purchase intentions. The SEM results indicated that the behavioral constructs of AT, PBC, EC, and GT were positively correlated with EV purchase intentions, and our new ETPB model, extended with EC and GT, was suitable for predicting consumers’ EVPI, suggesting that EVPI are a result of behavioral constructs. This study is unique for being the first in Turkey to focus on whether the factors of EC or GT can predict consumers’ EVPI. On the other hand, it was found that SN had a negative effect on consumers’ EVPI, and this result was in agreement with some studies in the literature and contradicted by others. In addition, we make suggestions based on the findings of the research to the country and related sector managers in order for the country to progress at a level that will set an example for other developing countries in its sustainable development plan. This study contributes to the EVs industry by revealing the consumers’ responses and increasing their marketing efforts. Our findings constitute a comprehensive example for further research on sustainable consumption, EVs, EVPI, and ETPB.

Developing a sustainable omnichannel strategic framework toward circular revolution: an integrated approach

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000

One of the contributions of digitalization to cyclical change is the adoption of Omnichannel Marketing (OM) as a new marketing strategy for brands. In this research, we examined whether the quality of integration (INQ) in omnichannel environments has an effect on brand equity (BE) and its dimensions (brand loyalty (BL), brand association and brand awareness (BAS), and perceived quality (PQ)) within the framework of a structural model. We aim to expand the limited number of INQ research areas. In this context, in the first stage of our research, we conducted an online survey consisting of three parts with the consumers of the Nike luxury sportswear brand, which is in 11th place in the global brand value ranking, residing in Turkey from the developing countries. In the second stage of the analysis, we performed CFA for scale reliability and validity. Crobach’s alpha, AVE and CR values for all factors of the scale exceeded the threshold values in the literature. In addition, the goodness-of-fit values of the scale, which were checked for compliance with the research, exceeded the threshold values. In the third stage of the analysis, we performed SEM analysis to test the model of the study and the assumptions of the study. The SEM results of our research confirmed the assumptions established between INQ and BE and its components in the context of OM. SEM results revealed that INQ had the highest effect (0.93) on BAS and PQ and the least effect (0.86) on BL, and INQ affected BE with 0.90. The results of this research, which examines the predictors of brand equity and its components, offer implications for OM, INQ, BE subject areas that have not been empirically analyzed despite increasing knowledge and still having limitations in theoretical information. Our research is unique, as it is the first study to empirically examine the relationship between INQ and BE and its components in the context of OM. The research on omnichannel applications is quite limited. This study brings a conceptual extension to the literature on omnichannel strategies, INQ and OM, whereas they presented the necessary reasons for managers to provide INQ in an omnichannel environment in order to increase brand equity, with an empirical application. In addition, the most important benefit of this research is that it shows brand owners and managers and brand marketers a way to set up the omnichannel system toward circular revolution.

Do companies adopt big data as determinants of sustainability: Evidence from manufacturing companies in Jordan

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Do sustainability innovation and firm competitiveness help improve firm performance? Evidence from the SME sector in Vietnam

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This study unfolds the nexus between sustainability innovation, firm performance of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by exploring the mediating role of firm competitiveness in the context of an emerging market. This study adopts a systematic literature review approach which results in arguing that this relationship is not explored in-depth in current literature. This is especially more critical for emerging economies as current literature shows a lack of empirical research in this research topic. A well-structured questionnaire was administrated for data collection. A total of 435 valid responses from top executives, managers, and experts were received and used for data analysis. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to investigate the relationships between constructs and latent variables. Our findings reveal that there is a significant and positive relationship among sustainability innovation and firm competitiveness. Firm competitiveness has a positive and significant relationship with financial, environmental, and operational performance. Moreover, sustainability innovation had an indirect positive and significant effect on financial performance. The statistical results indicate that the indirect effects are all significant (sig.<0.05) and the order of these indirect effects is consistent with those of direct effects of firm competitiveness on firm performance dimensions. Stakeholder theory is applied to check how firm competitiveness helps improve the performance of SMEs. To the best of our knowledge this study is the first that explores the mediating role of firm competitiveness between sustainability innovation and SMEs’ performance. Based on the context of the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, this study presents implications for entrepreneurs and top management with respect to strategic perspectives to drive their businesses in a sustainable direction.

Effects of COVID-19 on population, economic growth, logistics performance, and quality management in africa: grey relational analysis

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to examine the emerging repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on population, GDP (Gross Domestic Product), logistics performance, and ISO 9001 certification in most effected African countries: South Africa, Morocco, and Tunisia. The innovative Grey Relational Grade (GRG) modelling approach was applied to analyze the interdependent relationship between COVID-19, economic growth, quality and logistics performance. Furthermore, the authors implemented the conservative (maximin) approach to identify which one of the top three most impacted COVID-19 African nations had the least intensifying effects. The data utilized in the research was obtained from several databases and examined in 2021. The results indicate that the pandemic has a tremendous undesirable influence and impact on the population, GDP, logistics performance, as well as ISO 9001 certification in all three considerably impacted African nations. Whereas South Africa was recorded the most affected in terms of the population due to a high number of fatalities. Moreover, the country has demonstrated substantial negative correlations between COVID-19 and logistic performance, whereas Tunisia and Morocco’s GDP showed a downward negative trend due mainly to global trade flow constraints. Besides, in all the countries covered in this research, the number of ISO 9001 certificates has declined dramatically. The study outcomes generate much-needed policy recommendations for international organizations, decision makers and world governments to consider implementing immediate reparative interventions and emergent action plans to protect economic systems from further losses, as well as to improve the logistics, economic, and quality performances. This research pursues a multidimensional structure and explores the emerging impacts of the pandemic on economic growth, population, logistical performance as well as the process of quality production.

Environmental effects of ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 management system implementation in SSCM

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose Comprehensive management systems such as ISO 9001 or ISO 14001 are designed to help organizations improve processes, ensure customer satisfaction, efficient information flow, efficient use of resources and many other prosperous management areas. These systems can also bring unintended direct and indirect effects on organizations. In this study, the authors examine the environmental effects that the implementation of these management systems cause. Design/methodology/approach A survey-based methodology was used for this study, with textile organizations in three countries – Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The research focused on four areas related to environmental effects. The first area was the level of improvement of the organizations’ environmental performance, which was examined by the methods of descriptive statistics. The second area was analyzing differences in environmental effects concerning the implementation of the systems using inferential statistics. The third area was the analysis of latent links between individual effects using factor analysis. Findings This study’s insights shed some light on the benefits of implementing more, not fewer systems with benefits to organizations and entire industries with new possibilities for economic growth that do not have to come at the expense of the environment. Originality/value Organizations implementing management systems can realize dynamic benefits across a supply chain and within a manufacturing organization. Here the authors see an opportunity for ISO systems as a stepping stone to a more sustainable textile manufacturing economy.

Evaluating natural resources volatility in an emerging economy: the influence of solar energy development barriers

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Utilizing natural resources aids in China’s efforts to overcome its current energy issues. However, the country’s ability to fulfill the rising energy demand is hindered by the instability of its natural resources. Multiple barriers to this failure have been identified by researchers. However, little is known about how these barriers affect the volatility of natural resources. In order to solve this research gap, the current work has used a systematic approach for ranking barriers according to their significance. Initially, we identified these barriers based on a comprehensive literature review and the modified Delphi method. Twenty-nine barriers were identified, which were subsequently grouped into six major dimensions, including technological, transparency & accountability, COVID-19, financial, policy & regulatory, and infrastructure. Secondly, using the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), the relative weights and ranks of major barriers and sub-barriers were calculated. The results demonstrate that the “technological” barrier is the highest-ranked barrier, while “unreliable local technology” rates highest among all sub-barriers. Finally, we took an additional step by utilizing the Grey Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (G-TOPSIS) method to rank the alternatives. The results indicate that “R&D″ and “corruption-free system” are the most viable alternatives for overcoming these barriers. Research findings emphasize ensuring the availability of a skilled workforce, reforming policy structure, developing infrastructure, improving R&D activities, and highlighting the paybacks that solar energy offers to preserve natural resources by integrative and consistent efforts.

Factors affecting managers’ intention to adopt green supply chain management practices: evidence from manufacturing firms in Jordan

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Green growth and sustainable development: dynamic linkage between technological innovation, ISO 14001, and environmental challenges

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Intensifying effects of COVID-19 on economic growth, logistics performance, environmental sustainability and quality management: evidence from Asian countries

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose This study aims to explore the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on exports of goods and services, logistics performance, environmental management system (ISO 14001) certification and quality management system (ISO 9001) certification in top affected Asian countries of India, Iran, Indonesia, Philippines, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach A novel grey relational analysis models’ approach is used to examine the inter-relationship between COVID-19 economic growth and environmental performance. Moreover, the authors applied a conservative (maximin) model to investigate which countries have the least intensifying affected among all of the top affected COVID-19 Asian countries based on the SS degree of grey relation values. The data used in this study was collected from multiple databases during 2020 for analysis. Findings Results indicate that the severity of COVID-19 shows a strong negative association and influence of COVID-19 on the exportation of goods and services, logistics performance, ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certifications in all the six highly affected countries during a pandemic outbreak. Although the adverse effects of COVID-19 in exporting countries persisted until December 31, 2020, their magnitude decreased over time in Indonesia and Pakistan. During the COVID-19 outbreak, Pakistan showed comparatively better performance among the six top highly affected Asian countries due to its smart locked down strategy and prevents its economy from severe damages. While India and Iran export drastically go down due to a rapid increase in the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. Research limitations/implications The research findings produce much-required policy suggestions for leaders, world agencies and governments to take corrective measures on an emergent basis to prevent the economies from more damages and improve their logistics, environmental and quality performance during the pandemic of COVID-19. Originality/value This study develops a framework and investigates the intensifying effects of COVID-19 effects on economic growth, logistics performance, environmental performance and quality production processes.

Performance evaluation of green furniture brands in the marketing 4.0 period: An integrated MCDM approach

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to develop a framework that enables green marketing practices to regulate the performance evaluation criteria (GFBPC) of consumers and green furniture brands in the Marketing 4.0 period and to prioritize green furniture brands. The first stage was the literature review and decision-making group; it included GFBPC and the selection of three green furniture brands with the highest market value in Turkey. We then applied AHP to determine and prioritize benchmark weights, and TOPSIS to rank the performances of selected brands by GFBPC. We performed SA to test the accuracy of the findings. The results revealed that the Co-creation of Value and Pricing criteria have the highest value, and “Brand Y” is the best. Among the evaluation contributions of the study are a new understanding of green furniture performance criteria, and an integrated framework for new application methods for green marketing. With the Marketing 4.0 period, it is among the first of its kind to offer sustainable solutions to evaluate green marketing practices and increase the performance of green furniture brands in this regard. The results can help furniture industry stakeholders understand ways to compete in the green market and sustainable development.

Towards a sustainability paradigm; the nexus between lean green practices, sustainability-oriented innovation and Triple Bottom Line

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Transition toward green economy: Technological Innovation's role in the fashion industry

Sat, 01 Jan 2022 00:00:00 +0000

A relationship between supply chain practices, environmental sustainability and financial performance: evidence from manufacturing companies in Jordan

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Pursuing sustainable development creates competitiveness for manufacturing firms in the market, however the financial pressure of adopting sustainable environmental practices is still a major concern. Few studies were found on the inter-relationships between supply chain management practices, environmental sustainability, and firm financial performance. Moreover, manufacturing companies are compelled by different pressure groups across the globe to maintain environmental standards while conducting their business and supply chain activities. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the impact of supply chain practices on environmental sustainability and financial performance. In addition, the role of environmental sustainability as a mediator between supply chain management and financial performance was analyzed to improve sustainable development. A well-designed questionnaire was administered to manufacturing companies in Jordan for data collection. A total of 376 responses were analyzed and the proposed hypotheses were tested by using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach. The results reveal that environmental sustainability was tested significantly and influenced by supply chain practices such as relationship with customers, postponement, level of information sharing, and information quality. Whereas environmental sustainability had a significant direct effect on financial performance. Finally, environmental sustainability mediated the relationship of all supply chain management practices with financial performance except strategic supplier partnership dimension. The study provides policy guidelines to decision makers while simultaneously assists the managers to improve sustainability practices in manufacturing companies.

Assessing green technology indicators for cleaner production and sustainable investments in a developing country context

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Assessment and prediction of environmental sustainability: novel grey models comparative analysis of China vs. the USA

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Assessment of the public acceptance and utilization of renewable energy in Pakistan

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Cardiovascular disease (CVD): assessment, prediction and policy implications

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The study aims to predict and assess cardiovascular disease (CVD) patterns in highly affected countries such as Pakistan, India, China, Kenya, the USA, and Sweden. The data for CVD deaths was gathered from 2005 to 2019. We utilized non-homogenous discrete grey model (NDGM) to predict growth of cardiovascular deaths in selected countries. We take this process a step further by utilizing novel Synthetic Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and Synthetic Doubling Time (Dt) model to assess how many years it takes to reduce the cardiovascular deaths double in numbers. The results reveal that the USA and China may lead in terms of raising its number of deaths caused by CVDs till 2027. However, doubling time model suggests that USA may require 2.3 years in reducing the cardiovascular deaths. This study is significant for the policymakers and health practitioners to ensure the execution of CVD prevention measures to overcome the growing burden of CVD deaths.

Contribution of certification bodies and sustainability standards to sustainable development goals: an integrated grey systems approach

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Critical factors in process quality of engineering construction projects during building design phase

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Quality in construction is an important topic in the design phase due to the quick change in technological advancement. The current study focuses on the identification, measurement, and analysis of the critical elements which impact the process quality of building construction projects during the design stage in Pakistan. Elements were graded using the conservative Relative Importance Index (RII) and Grey Absolute Decision Analysis (GADA). The findings indicate that during the design phase, the critical element impacting process quality is the quality of codes and standards and was facilitated using a questionnaire survey. Similarly, the teamwork of parties in design firms and constructability analysis of the design are key factors during the design phase in Pakistan. Measures for the improvement of process quality in Pakistan were suggested. The building construction projects need to be modified to cover the important aspects of constructability analysis, continuous working on training programs, and many other related activities. These are performed through a proper commitment to continuous quality improvement in building construction projects. The results are important for improving process quality during the construction projects’ design phase.

Developing a framework for the optimization processes of logistics costs: A Hurwitz criterion approach

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The logistics department is one of the critical departments for most industries that play a critical role in their business objective. Therefore, this study develops a framework by considering the problem of optimization processes of multiple decision-making regarding the choice of any logistics in the frame of the present logistics system. We employed the theoretic game called Game with nature model for analysis. We took this process a step further and utilized the Hurwitz criterion as the optimality criterion synthetic, which is under consideration, for mixed strategies that allow obtaining their optimality with a joint position of winnings and risks is being used. This study demonstrates the vital approach to the optimization processes that is precise, concurrent, with similar risks and winnings. Since the developed criterion was defined for solving games with nature from a joint point of view, whereas, at the same time choosing the optimal strategy both for gains and relative to risks. This study provides strategy guidelines for managers to reduce their logistic costs as well as optimize the logistics and supply chain processes.

Does temperature matter for COVID-19 transmissibility? Evidence across Pakistani provinces

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has become a global concern that is deteriorating environmental quality and damaging human health. Though some researchers have investigated the linkage between temperature and COVID-19 transmissibility across different geographical locations and over time, yet these studies are scarce. This study aims to bridge this gap using daily temperature and COVID-19 cases (transmissibility) by employing grey incidence analysis (GIA) models (i.e., Deng’s grey incidence analysis (DGIA), the absolute degree GIA (ADGIA), the second synthetic degree GIA (SSDGIA), the conservative (maximin) model) and correlation analysis. Data on temperature are accessed from the NASA database, while the data on COVID-19 cases are collected from the official website of the government of Pakistan. Empirical results reveal the existence of linkages between temperature and COVID-19 in all Pakistani provinces. These linkages vary from a relatively stronger to a relatively weaker linkage. Based on calculated weights, the strength of linkages is ranked across provinces as follows: Gilgit Baltistan (0.715301) > Baluchistan (0.675091) > Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (0.619893) > Punjab (0.619286) > Sindh (0.601736). The disparity in the strength of linkage among provinces is explained by the discrepancy in the intensity of temperature. Besides, the diagrammatic correlation analysis shows that temperature is inversely linked to COVID-19 cases (per million persons) over time, implying that low temperatures are associated with high COVID-19 transmissibility and vice versa. This study is among the first of its kind to consider the linkages between temperature and COVID-19 transmissibility for a tropical climate country (Pakistan) using the advanced GIA models. Research findings provide an up-to-date glimpse of the outbreak and emphasize the need to raise public awareness about the devastating impacts of the COVID-19. The educational syllabus should provide information on the causes, signs, and precautions of the pandemic. Additionally, individuals should practice handwashing, social distancing, personal hygiene, mask-wearing, and the use of hand sanitizers to ensure a secure and supportive atmosphere for preventing and controlling the current pandemic.

Enabling progress in developing economies: A novel hybrid decision-making model for green technology planning

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Green technologies play an essential role in designing and developing sustainable and environmental strategies at a country level. With a growing emphasis on green technology strategies in strategic decision making, there is an opportunity for developing and implementing strategies to accelerate green technologies in developing economies. Therefore, this study develops an integrated strategic framework based on Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) for effective green technology planning. The SWOT approach scans internal and external factors and sub-factors essential for green technology planning in Pakistan. Subsequently, the Grey Analytical Hierarchical Process (GAHP) method is employed to compute weights of twenty-one subfactors. Finally, Grey Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (GTOPSIS) is used to prioritize eighteen strategies developed for sustainable green technology planning. Results reveal that high productivity potential in the agriculture sector, less foreign investment due to terrorism and security issues, decreasing the cost of green technologies, and the opportunity to build a positive image are key sub-factors for strategic green technology planning. In contrast, improving the security situation in the country to attract foreign direct investment, fewer taxes and duties on import of green technology and lenient rules for local business in transition, and plans and programs to promote green technology in the agriculture sector are observed as optimal strategies. This study is the first to propose a systematic, integrated framework for sustainable green technology planning in Pakistan. Our study fills a gap in the strategic planning and implementation process and provides pathways for policymakers in addressing impediments when implementing green technology planning.

Energy security and environmental efficiency: evidence from OECD countries

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Assessment of energy and environmental issues has received a special focus due to global warming and climate vulnerabilities. Energy, environment and economic development simultaneously yielded a combined effect, which is favorable from the economic point of view while unfavorable for environmental aspects. It is necessary to measure the energy, economic and environmental performance with appropriate methods. Therefore, this study measures the energy security and environmental efficiency. Data used in this study were collected from the official website of International Energy Agency (IEA), British Petroleum (BP) and World Bank. We employ a non-radial DEA technology for assessing energy and environmental efficiency for OECD countries. Results reveal that the values of energy intensity range from 0.93 to 0.30, while GHG emission per capita values range from 24.61 to 5.28. As far as energy efficiency is concerned, Iceland and Greece have the highest value (0.99) of energy efficiency, whereas Ireland has the lowest value (0.34) of energy efficiency. Further analysis shows that Austria, Australia, Portugal and Spain have values between 0.70 and 0.80 for energy intensity, whereas UK, Sweden, Germany and the USA have values of energy intensity, between 0.40 and 0.50. The study proposes some valuable policy implications for policy and decision-makers to make the environment more sustainable.

Estimating dynamic interactive linkages among urban agglomeration, economic performance, carbon emissions, and health expenditures across developmental disparities

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract This work analyzed the dynamic interactive causal links among urban agglomeration, economic performance, carbon emissions, and health expenditures across developmental disparities in China. To this end, this work developed a health expenditures-augmented growth model to introduce health expenditures and carbon emissions as a shift factor of total factor productivity. A block of simultaneous equations is developed based on the health expenditures-augmented growth modeling framework. The System-variant/Difference-variant Generalized Method of Moments is employed to estimate the block of simultaneous equations in order to deal with the potential endogeneity of the variables used. Based on empirical results, the core findings are as follows: first, a Pendroni cointegration-based long-run stable association is verified. Second, the urban agglomeration exhibited a bidirectional positive causal linkage with the gross domestic product (GDP) growth and health expenditures growth. Third, the health expenditures growth demonstrated a bidirectional positive causal linkage with carbon emissions growth and GDP growth. Fourth, a unidirectional mixed causal linkage—positive (negative) for linear form (squared form) of urban agglomeration—existed from urban agglomeration to carbon emissions growth. Fifth, there is a negative causal linkage operating from carbon emissions growth to GDP growth. However, there is mixed causal linkage—positive for a linear form of GDP growth, and negative for the squared form of GDP—operating from GDP growth to carbon emissions growth. These findings exhibited consistency in the type of causal linkages across the developmental disparities and hence showed robustness. Nevertheless, the findings showed disparities in the degree of impact across the developmental disparities. In this regard, the strength of causal linkage is the largest (moderate/lowest) for highly (moderately/least) developed regions of China. Based on empirical results, inferences are extracted and discussed.

Forecasting key indicators of China's inbound and outbound tourism: optimistic--pessimistic method

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose Tourism industry is a highly complex system surrounded by many uncertainties because of its innumerable connections with other supporting systems. Considering tourism, a grey system, the current study proposes optimistic–pessimistic method (OPM). This technique can aid in improving forecast accuracy of four tourism-related indicators, inbound tourism to China, outbound tourism from China, revenues collected through inbound tourism and expenses incurred on outbound tourism. Design/methodology/approach The study integrates OPM into EGM and then using the secondary data collected from the World Bank database, predicts the four tourism-related indicators. The mean absolute percentage error steered the performance of the models. Findings One of the main contributions of the study lies in its overall evaluation of one of the major travel and tourism countries of the world in light of four crucial indicators. The study highlights, four tourism-related indicators’ recent information, contains more valuable information about the future. Originality/value OPM represents a novel application of concept of whitenization of interval grey number in grey forecasting theory.

Future of quality management system (ISO 9001) certification: novel grey forecasting approach

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Regarded as one of the most effective tools to guide quality systems management, ISO 9001 is a valuable certification. Yet, the growth observed throughout the world by this standard provides a strong polarisation of interest in this practice by the companies. Our research goals are to analyze and forecast trends involving ISO 9001 certification of six countries, China, Italy, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and India. We gathered ISO 9001 countrywide certification data over nine years from 2018 to 2026. The methods used in this study include Even GM (1, 1), Discrete GM (1, 1) and Non-homogeneous discrete grey model (NDGM) with an accompanying synthetic growth rate and synthetic doubling time grey models to investigate the comparison among these countries. The result reveals that Germany will likely continue to lead ISO 9001 certifications at a country level through 2026. We also find that Japan and UK required more time for ISO 9001 certification to double than other countries. Our forecasting of the uptake of the ISO 9001 standard is significant for the certification bodies to understand market diffusion and trends. Implications include this study providing valuable policy guidelines for decision-makers, and new opportunities for further research for scholars.

Growing green? Sectoral-based prediction of GHG emission in Pakistan: a novel NDGM and doubling time model approach

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Models for predicting non-renewable energy competing with renewable source for sustainable energy development: case of Asia and Oceania Region

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

PROPOSITION OF IMPROVING SELECTED LOGISTICS PROCESSES OF PELLET PRODUCTION

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

The principal objective of this article is to provide the profile of the market of pellet in Poland, and also to develop a design of the production of pellet, taking under a particular consideration the essential activities connected with the entire process of production. This article includes, among others, the analysis of demand for raw materials, and also the analysis of the entire process of production, including the identification of the following processes: technological, transportation, and also the storage ones. This design is intended to be applied by small and medium-sized enterprises conducting their business activity in Eastern and Central Europe which are wishing to optimise and streamline conducting essential processes in which they are involved. This study provides the guidelines to managers and decision makers in pellet industry to optimize the process of the production of pellet in order to develop the sustainable logistic environment.

Towards environmental sustainability: exploring the nexus among ISO 14001, governance indicators and green economy in Pakistan

Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract The green growth paradigm has gained much attention in the last decade. Green growth not only protects the environment and human beings but also serves as a substitute for scarce natural assets. Governance institutions develop laws and policies for all industries in a country and are directly responsible for natural resource exploration and environmental protection or destruction. Pakistan is the fifth most vulnerable country to environmental hazards in the world. To address this issue, this study is the first to analyze the relations among governance indicators, ISO 14001 and green growth in Pakistan by using time-series data from 2000 to 2017. The study utilized advanced mathematical Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) models, namely, absolute grey relational grade (GRG), Deng’s GRG, and Second Synthetic Degree of Grey Incidence Analysis (SSGIG) models, to capture the relations among the studied variables. The main results revealed that ISO 14001, with the highest GRA values of 0.8-0.9, proved to be effective in channeling green growth. Among all governance indicators related to green growth, the rule of law with the highest maximin criterion value of 0.644 was found to play a key role for Pakistan. The study findings provide insights into how good governance can contribute to accomplishing the objectives of environmental sustainability. They can also help legislators and organizations understand the importance of ISO 14001 certification to promote sustainable practices across sectors in Pakistan.

A novel model for risk management of outsourced construction projects using decision-making methods: a case study

Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose Selecting a suitable contract to outsource construction projects is an ongoing concern for project managers and organizational directors. This study aims to propose a comprehensive model to manage the risks of outsourced construction project contracts. Design/methodology/approach To employ the proposed model, firstly, the types of contracts and risks in the organization should be identified, then, to prioritize the contracts, the identified risks are considered as criteria. After receiving the experts’ opinions, the best–worst method (BWM) integrated with grey relation analysis (GRA) method was used to prioritize the contracts. BWM and GRA are multi-criteria decision-making methods with different approaches and applications. In the current study, BWM has been employed to calculate the weights of criteria because it has better performance than other methods such as the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). After calculating the weights of criteria, the GRA method has been utilized for ranking the alternatives. Findings According to the results obtained from the case study, the cost plus award fee contract is the most suitable alternative for outsourcing construction projects. The proposed methodology can be practically applied through different types of the projects such as construction or “engineering, procurement and construction”. Originality/value To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a conceptual model has been proposed to select an appropriate contract for construction projects. Also, for the first time, the BWM integrated with GRA method has been used to prioritize project contracts based on the potential risks. The proposed model can contribute to project managers for selecting a suitable contract with the least risk in construction projects.

A novel varistructure grey forecasting model with speed adaptation and its application

Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract Traditional grey forecasting models cannot achieve satisfactory predictive accuracy on approximate non-homogeneous exponential sequence with acceleration, velocity and constant perturbation terms. Hence, it is hard to forecast the developing trend of non-homogeneous exponential data sequences widespread in the real world. It is for this reason that an extended intelligent grey forecasting model with variable speed and adaptive structure (VSSGM for short) is provided in this paper. The proposed model possesses three advantages, namely, strong adaptability to perturbation sequence, self-changing structure, and outstanding accuracy in simulation and prediction. One prominent property is that it can simulate/forecast any given inhomogeneous sequence with acceleration, velocity and constant disturbances, which are the most common perturbations widespread in nature and society. And the proposed VSSGM model can be reducible to DGM(1,1), NDGM, SAIGM and VCGM models in theory. Therefore, the proposed model outperforms the traditional grey models. In order to verify the effectiveness, universality, practicality and feasibility of the model, we conducted an experiment to analyze the precision of the model and employ it to simulate China’s industrial added value from 2006 to 2015, then utilize it to forecast the industrial added values from 2019 to 2022. Comparing with the real statistic data, it shows that the proposed model has better prediction performance than traditional grey models.

A sustainable distribution design for multi-quality multiple-cold-chain products: An integrated inspection strategies approach

Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000

Cold-chain products are time-sensitive and perishable and pose the risk of failure if they are transported to a distant location. Thus, there is a need to analyze their quality during distribution so that the customers may receive optimal-quality products. To address this issue, this study integrates inspection strategies with the sustainable distribution system of multi-quality multiple-cold-chain products. A bi-objective model of cost and emission is proposed under the constraints of heterogeneous vehicle and time window. Furthermore, this study intends to address the following questions: which inspection strategy helps to ensure the potency of delivered products, and what is the impact of quality differentiation on the value of objective functions? A set of meta-heuristics is used for implementing the model using a rich panel of experiments. The results reveal that the quality conditions of different products impact the solutions of cost and emissions. Moreover, the conformity strategy is more viable, as it results in less cost and ensures that the quantity of delivered products meets the level of demand. Finally, the study provides implications for managers and practitioners to develop a sustainable distribution system to maintain the quality of cold-chain products.

Assessment of India's energy dynamics: Prospects of solar energy

Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000

During the last decade, energy demand has increased manifold in India. To cope up with the rising energy demand, the Indian government has announced the National Solar Mission to generate 100 GW solar power by 2022. Large-scale solar power developers have been allotted around 60% of the National Solar Mission target. Therefore, it becomes pivotal to find the ground reality of solar power developers. To fulfill this objective, we selected the solar sources of the country and adopted a hybrid research methodology. The solar irradiation data were collected for one year in the four big cities of India, Mumbai, New Delhi, Chennai, and Bangalore during 2019 to evaluate the efficiency of photovoltaics (PVs). MATLAB and RETScreen were employed for data analysis and evaluating the efficiency of photovoltaics. We take this a step further by performing the Life Cycle Assessment analysis to scrutinize the different features of solar energy, including fuel consumption, price, average lifetime, maintenance and operation expenses, land requirements, and greenhouse gas emissions. The results reveal that all these cities have an enormous solar power potential, as they are located in an area where solar irradiations are consistently available all over the year (except for monsoon season). Moreover, solar energy is more durable, cost-saving, and easy to maintain. Furthermore, we identified the significant barriers over the whole solar energy spectrum by conducting semi-structured interviews with industry experts. These barriers are broadly classified into technological, policy, regulatory, financial, transparency, accountability, infrastructural, and trade policy categories. Finally, essential policy recommendations have been suggested for all stakeholders in order to fulfill the country’s energy demand on its way to a future of sustainable development.

Assessment of the effectiveness and the adaption of CSR management system in food industry: The case of the South Asian versus the Western food companies

Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000

The purpose of this empirical study is to undertake a comparative analysis of the South Asian and Western food companies based on their corporate social responsibility (CSR) adoption and impact on firm performance. We conducted a survey of 24 South Asian and 20 Western companies. Later, we performed independent samples t-tests and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. Furthermore, we applied Kingdon’s agenda and green consumer theories to explain how CSR in Western food companies could be advanced than the food companies in South Asia. Based on the aforementioned tests, the Western food companies obtained better scores than their counterparts in South Asia. This result was obvious as the West has a developed CSR management system compared to South Asia. However, this is interesting that we found a weak CSR performance link between the Western and the South Asian food companies. The lower CSR adoption levels of South Asian food companies show their greedy nature as these companies are hesitant to spend the portion of their profits on promoting CSR. South Asian governments with a vested interest in improving CSR performance provide tax breaks and other motivations for increasing CSR adoption among food companies. These findings have theoretical and practical implication for future research.

Developing integrated management systems using an AHP-Fuzzy VIKOR approach

Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000

Integrated management systems (IMSs) involve a strategy to manage multiple systems while meeting the needs and expectations of stakeholders. There are various management standards used for the development of IMS. This study aims to undertake research focused on how to develop an IMS. In this context, management standards, including the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI), consider alternatives and integration potential at multiple levels (i.e., strategic, tactical, and operational). We assess criteria including continuous improvement, systematic management, integration, organizational learning, standardization, and ability to cut through bureaucracy before a deeper dive into 28 subcriteria. We then use an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach to prioritize the main criteria and subcriteria. Next, we include the use of fuzzy VlseKriterijuska Optimizacija I Komoromisno Resenje (F‐VIKOR) methods to prioritize alternatives. The contributions of this study reveal that systematic management and standardization are the most influencing criteria among six guiding principles. The ISO standard and GRI are the most suitable standards for the development of dynamic IMS. This study is the first of its kind to prioritize guiding principles of IMS. The outcomes of this study will assist business managers, organizations, and policymakers in their decision making regarding management standards for IMS development as well as improve sustainable business practices. Researchers will find new IMS insights and constructs for further empirical investigation.

Do quality, environmental, and social (QES) certifications improve international trade? A comparative grey relation analysis of developing vs. developed countries

Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract The purpose of this empirical study is to undertake a comparative analysis of developing vs. developed countries based on adoption of ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and SA8000 certifications and their impact on international trade. We utilize a combination of models including Deng’s Incidence Analysis (GIA), Absolute Degree GIA, Second Synthetic Degree GIA (SSDGIA) and Conservative (maximin) approach to inform decision making under uncertainty. Data was collected from the ISO and SAI official websites of the top fifteen certified countries for the period of 2002 to 2017. Additionally, export of goods and services data was gathered from the World Bank. The results reveal that the adoption of Quality, Environment and Social (QES) standards have a positive and significant effect on exports of goods and services in developing countries. While this is interesting, we also find that ISO 14001 certification contributes more to economic development than ISO 9001 and SA8000 in both developed and developing countries, with developing countries showed superior performance. This study is the first of its kind in evaluating the association of QES standards on international trade in developed and developing countries while using multiple grey relational analysis models. Finally, this article proposes recommendations for policymakers to improve international trade and sustainable development.

Does CSR influence firm performance? A longitudinal study of SME sectors of Pakistan

Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose This study aims to examine whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities influence firm performance based on a longitudinal survey for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. Empirical studies suggest that the SME sector plays an essential role in the economic development of Pakistan and can be considered the backbone of the economy. Design/methodology/approach The data for this study were collected from SMEs located in the cities of Karachi, Lahore and Faisalabad in Pakistan. A well-designed questionnaire was administrated over 240 entrepreneurs to analyze and measure the impact of CSR on financial performance for a 12-month period. The authors used econometric analysis of the data using structural equation modeling. Findings Results reveal significant relationships between CSR and two determinants of firm performance, namely, employee commitment and corporate reputation. Research limitations/implications Findings of the study are important for policymakers, entrepreneurs and other professionals in SMEs sectors both in under-developed and, with further application and exploration, in developing countries. Originality/value There is no single longitudinal study prior to this has been carried out on the relationships of CSR and firm performance in the SME sector in the context of the Pakistani economy. Hence, this study significantly fills an important gap in the research.

Prioritizing and overcoming barriers to integrated management system (IMS) implementation using AHP and G-TOPSIS

Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract The implementation of Integrated Management Systems (IMS) has become a prerequisite for any organization looking to transform itself into a competitive and more sustainable enterprise. However, these efforts are not successful for some organizations, and there is an opportunity to explore what it takes to have an effective IMS implementation. Prior studies attribute several barriers to implementation. Yet, little is known about the degree to which these barriers impede implementation. To fill this gap in the literature, we have developed a systematic framework to prioritize barriers. We first identify and classify barriers using a literature review and modified Delphi method providing twenty-six barriers categorized under six main categories. These included Resources and Management, People, Implementation, Economic, Social & Legal and Cultural. Next, we used Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) to calculate weights and rankings of barriers and sub-barriers. We then take this process a step further by using a Grey preference by similarity to ideal solution (GTOPSIS) methodology to further prioritize alternatives. The results reveal the implementation and social & legal barrier categories ranked highest among major categories. Overall rankings showed that the economic and implementation sub-barrier is more important than the other twenty-four sub-barriers within different categories. The contributions of this study provide new insights regarding levels of integration and employee motivation as important to overcoming barriers to implementation. Finally, a sensitivity analysis checked the robustness of the proposed research framework that could be implemented to overcome the IMS barriers. This study is the first of its kind to organize barriers of IMS in this way. The outcomes of this study will assist organizations and policymakers in their decision making regarding IMS implementation while simultaneously improving sustainability practices. Researchers will find new IMS implementation insights and constructs for further empirical investigation.

Sectoral-based CO2 emissions of Pakistan: a novel Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) approach

Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000

The social dimensions of corporate sustainability: an integrative framework including COVID-19 insights

Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000

Corporate sustainability is considered a fundamental paradigm and solution in creating a prosperous future for organizations. However, social sustainability issues and pandemic problems from COVID-19 have affected corporations and interrupted plans for sustainable development. To date, corporate sustainability frameworks have taken a relatively narrow view of this paradigm. This study highlights serious challenges to corporate sustainability while providing a framework in an attempt to enable more sustainable business practices. To fill the gap in the literature, we have developed a framework to organize and prioritize important sustainability indicators. The first phase of the study involves the classification of 45 sub-criteria of corporate sustainability under nine main categories by using a literature review and novel Fuzzy Delphi method. The resulting categories are Corporate Governance, Product Responsibility, Transparency and Communication, Economic, Environmental, Social, Natural Environment and Climate Vulnerability, Energy Consumption along with Energy Saving, and includes Pandemic COVID-19 as a new aspect of social sustainability. Next, we applied the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process (FAHP) to help determine the weights and prioritizing the criteria and sub-criteria. The results revealed that the Pandemic, along with the Natural Environment and Climate Vulnerability, ranked higher among the main criteria category. Whereas, emergency response planning, social distances, modification of working hours, and just-in-time delivery are the most influencing sub-attributes among the 45 sub-barriers of different categories. Contributions of this study include new insights regarding corporate sustainability criteria and subcriteria, application of novel methods, and integrated framework for dimensions of corporate sustainability. This study is among the first of its kind to consider the COVID-19 pandemic as an essential category and social sustainability attribute of corporate sustainable business practices. Outcomes of this study can help assist scholars, corporations, and decision-makers in understanding sustainable development initiatives while simultaneously improving social sustainability practices.

Towards a sustainable environment: The nexus between ISO 14001, renewable energy consumption, access to electricity, agriculture and CO2 emissions in SAARC countries

Wed, 01 Jan 2020 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract In this study, we investigate complex, country-level relationships between ISO 14001 certification, renewable energy consumption, access to electricity, agriculture, and CO2 emissions within the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries. These countries are important to look at they contain 20% of the world’s population, are investing in infrastructure, and are vulnerable to the impacts of CO2 emissions. There is a gap in the literature addressing all of these countries while using novel modeling to try and understand dynamic relationships across countries. In this study we use multiple models to examine data covering the years 2000 to 2014 starting with novel Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) models to compute the weights and ranking of countries based on CO2 emission. Next, using a Conservative (maximin) model, we check which country has the most CO2 emission issues among all countries based on weights obtained by Second Synthetic Grey Relational Analysis (SSGRA). Finally, a Grey preference by similarity to ideal solution (G-TOPSIS) methodology prioritizes the factors that have more intensely impact CO2 emissions. The results reveal that among all SAARC countries, India has substantial CO2 emission issues. We also find reductions in emissions from renewable energy consumption and the adoption of ISO 14001 certification in these countries. The outcomes of this study can assist organizations and policymakers in their decision-making and investments regarding CO2 reduction while simultaneously improving environmental sustainability practices.

An integrated Delphi-AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS approach toward ranking and selection of renewable energy resources in Pakistan

Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 +0000

Pakistan has long relied on fossil fuels for electricity generation. This is despite the fact that the country is blessed with enormous renewable energy (RE) resources, which can significantly diversify the fuel mix for electricity generation. In this study, various renewable resources of Pakistan—solar, hydro, biomass, wind, and geothermal energy—are analyzed by using an integrated Delphi-analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (F-TOPSIS)-based methodology. In the first phase, the Delphi method was employed to define and select the most important criteria for the selection of RE resources. This process identified four main criteria, i.e., economic, environmental, technical, and socio-political aspects, which are further supplemented by 20 sub-criteria. AHP is later used to obtain the weights of each criterion and the sub-criteria of the decision model. The results of this study reveal wind energy as the most feasible RE resource for electricity generation followed by hydropower, solar, biomass, and geothermal energy. The sensitivity analysis of the decision model results shows that the results of this study are significant, reliable, and robust. The study provides important insights related to the prioritizing of RE resources for electricity generation and can be used to undertake policy decisions toward sustainable energy planning in Pakistan.

Analysis of barriers to the adoption of cleaner energy technologies in Pakistan using Modified Delphi and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process

Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract Pakistan has an enormous amount of renewable and sustainable energy sources. However, it is unfortunate that the country remains unsuccessful in using these sources to deliver increasing electricity demand. Studies attribute various barriers to this failure. However, little is known about the degree to which these barriers impede renewable energy (RE) in Pakistan. Therefore, the current study presents a systematic framework to prioritize barriers according to their importance. The study is divided into three phases. Firstly, barriers were identified using literature survey. Secondly, the Modified Delphi method was used to finalize and categorize barriers in the Pakistani context. Twenty-one barriers were finalized, which were then categorized under five main barriers, including, political and regulatory, market competitiveness, institutional, technical, and social. Finally, Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process (FAHP) was employed to calculate weights and rankings of barriers and sub-barriers. The results revealed that political and regulatory barrier category ranks highest among major categories, whereas, overall ranking of barriers showed that political instability sub-barrier is more important than the rest of twenty sub-barriers within different categories.

Assessing the solar PV power project site selection in Pakistan: based on AHP-fuzzy VIKOR approach

Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 +0000

Do environmental management systems help improve corporate sustainable development? Evidence from manufacturing companies in Pakistan

Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract This study assessed whether the adoption of an environmental management system (EMS) as a part of an integrated management system (IMS) helps improve corporate sustainability based on the data for 211 manufacturing companies in Pakistan. A stakeholder-weighted CSR index and an equal-weighted CSR index were used to measure CSR performance of the selected companies. Descriptive t-test and exploratory factor analysis were employed to test the hypothesis and internal consistency. Structural equation modelling was used to measure various useful links between latent and observed variables. Results revealed that the mean CSR performance of EMS adopters was significantly higher than that of non-EMS adopters. Further, EMS adopters had positive and significant effect on soundness, environmental protection, fairness and contribution to society, whereas, the non-EMS companies had positive and substantial impact on employee satisfaction and economic contribution. In conclusion, EMS adoption can be an effective tool for organisations to address economic, social and environmental issues. Moreover, EMS adoption appears to be a viable means to develop business goals and improve CSR activities.

Does abnormal lending behavior increase bank riskiness? Evidence from Turkey

Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 +0000

This study empirically analyzes whether the rapid growth of loans and risk-taking behavior during the expansion of loans affected non-performing loans (NPLs) and the solvency of financial institutions in the Turkish banking system. Using the GMM Generalized Method of Moments, this study used data on Turkish banks from 2011 to 2017 to test two hypotheses on the effects of loan growth on NPLs and solvency. This study finds significant results for the effect of loan growth on NPLs and solvency. NPLs rose from the previous year’s loan growth, which tended to reduce solvency. Due to selected research methods, the results may lack generality. Therefore, future studies should test the propositions herein further. The results indicate that careful allocation behavior is required when lending. Additionally, these findings may be helpful to financial managers and decision makers. This study confirms the need to determine how to allocate loans during the loan boom periods.

Evaluation of key factors influencing process quality during construction projects in Pakistan

Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 +0000

Purpose The quality of construction projects is mainly dependent on the process quality during the construction phase than product quality. The key factors that influence the process quality of building projects in Pakistan during the construction phase of building life cycle are evaluated from literature. This paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The factors were ranked using the traditional relative importance index (RII) and the second synthetic grey relational analysis method. The findings indicate that during the construction phase the selection of an appropriate contractor is the most important factor. The existence of feedback system and quality of shop drawings received from subcontractors are also very significant factors, according to the grey relational model. Findings Measures for the improvement of process quality in Pakistan are suggested. The results from both methods are not entirely comparable; however, if one considers uncertainty in data, then the second synthetic GRA-based ranking should be preferred over RII in decision making. Originality/value The study is pioneer in the evaluation of key factors influencing process quality during building construction projects in Pakistan using a set of traditional and novel methods. The results of this study are significant in improving the process quality during different phases of construction.

Forecasting number of ISO 14001 certifications of selected countries: application of even GM (1, 1), DGM, and NDGM models

Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 +0000

Integrated effect of energy consumption, economic development, and population growth on CO2 based environmental degradation: a case of transport sector

Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 +0000

Quality of care for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Pakistan: a retrospective study

Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 +0000

A wide variation exists in the practice patterns of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) care worldwide, leading to differences in clinical outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the quality of process care and its impact on in-hospital outcomes among AMI patients in Pakistan, as no such study has been conducted in Pakistan thus far based upon recommended guidelines. We investigated a sample of 2663 AMI patients across 11 territory hospitals in Punjab province of Lahore, Faisalabad, Multan, Rawalpindi, and Islamabad from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 8.6%. We calculated compliance rates of quality indicators (QIs) for all eligible patients. The association between process care and in-hospital outcome was assessed using hierarchical generalized linear model that adjusted for patient and hospital characteristics. In addition, we examined the effect of patient composite scores on clinical outcomes. Aspirin (73.08%) and clopidogrel (67.86%) indicated relatively better conformance than other QIs. The percutaneous coronary intervention also showed significantly low adherence. All QIs showed no significant association with in-hospital mortality. In contrast, 4 out of 8 QIs were observed positively correlated with in-hospital length of stay (LOS). The overall patient composite score was found to be statistically significant with in-hospital LOS. The assessment of quality of care showed low adherence to clinical care recommendations, and increased adherence was associated with longer in-hospital LOS among AMI patients. Evaluation of valid QIs for AMI treatment and their impact on in-hospital outcomes is an important tool for improving health care delivery in the overall AMI population in Pakistan. Low adherence to performance measures strongly compel to focus on guideline-based tools for AMI in Pakistan.